The AI Arms Race: Assessing China's Potential for AI Technology Acquisition and America's Response

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a critical driver of economic and national security in the 21st century, with the United States leading the way through substantial investment. However, alongside China’s rapid technological advancements, concerns are growing about the potential for the theft of American AI technology. This analysis delves into the likelihood of China acquiring US AI capabilities and explores potential US countermeasures. Leveraging real-time data and professional-grade market analysis content from FireMarkets is crucial for informed decision-making.

The Intensifying AI Hegemony Competition

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has advanced dramatically, and its importance continues to grow. While the United States is maintaining a technological edge through substantial investment in AI research and development, China is also rapidly growing through government-led active investment and talent acquisition. In this context, the possibility of China stealing US AI technology is considered very high, as reported by MarketWatch on February 28, 2026.

China's Pathways to AI Technology Acquisition

Industrial Espionage

The Chinese government supports industrial espionage in various ways, which can play a significant role in the theft of US AI technology. In particular, there is a high possibility of technology leakage during the process of Chinese companies investing in or establishing joint ventures with US companies.

Cyber Attacks

Chinese hackers can steal technical information by launching cyberattacks on US AI-related companies and research institutions. These cyberattacks are becoming increasingly sophisticated and difficult to detect and defend against.

Talent Acquisition

China is offering attractive conditions to attract key AI personnel in the United States. Such talent acquisition can weaken US AI competitiveness while contributing to the development of China's AI technology.

US Countermeasures

Strengthened Export Controls

The US government should control the export of AI-related technologies and equipment to China to prevent technology leakage. In particular, export controls on technologies that can be used for military purposes should be strengthened.

Enhanced Investment Review

Investment by Chinese companies in US companies should be reviewed, and investments with the potential for technology leakage should be restricted. In addition, technology protection measures should be strengthened when establishing joint ventures.

Cybersecurity Enhancement

The cybersecurity systems of US AI-related companies and research institutions should be strengthened to protect technical information from cyberattacks. International cooperation on cyberattacks should also be strengthened.

Preventing Talent Drain

To prevent the outflow of key AI personnel in the United States to China, a competitive research environment should be created, and policies to attract talent should be strengthened.